Jurisdiction
Allah is the Absolute Sovereign and Owner. That is, His is the sole authority, decision, and sovereignty. Therefore, with this absolute sovereignty, He can grant sovereignty to one of His creations, such as humans. The verses that speak of humans exercising their authority to rule emphasize three concepts:
These are: 1. Justice , 2. What Allah has revealed , 3. What Allah has shown .
Indeed Allah commands you to deliver the trusts to their [rightful] owners, and to judge with fairness when you judge between people. Excellent indeed is what Allah advises you. Indeed Allah is all-hearing, all-seeing.
Indeed We have sent down to you the Book with the truth, so that you may judge between the people by what Allah has shown you; do not be an advocate for the traitors,
We sent down the Torah containing guidance and light. The prophets, who had submitted, judged by it for the Jews, and so did the rabbis and the scribes, as they were charged to preserve the Book of Allah and were witnesses to it. So do not fear the people, but fear Me, and do not sell My signs(Ayah-Quran verses) for a paltry gain. Those who do not judge by what Allah has sent down—it is they who are the faithless.(kafirun-disbelivers)
In it We prescribed for them: a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, and an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth, and retaliation for wounds. Yet whoever remits it out of charity, that shall be an atonement for him. Those who do not judge by what Allah has sent down—it is they who are the wrongdoers.(zalimun)
Let the people of the Injeel (Gospel) judge by what Allah has revealed therein. And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed (then) such (people) are the Fasiqun (the rebellious i.e. disobedient to Allah.)
We have sent down to you the Book with the truth, confirming what was before it of the Book and as a guardian over it. So judge between them by what Allah has sent down, and do not follow their desires against the truth that has come to you. For each [community] among you We had appointed a code [of law] and a path, and had Allah wished He would have made you one community, but [His purposes required] that He should test you in respect to what He has given you. So take the lead in all good works. To Allah shall be the return of you all, whereat He will inform you concerning that about which you used to differ.
The following verses show that the sovereignty that humans can exercise is limited, while Allah's is unlimited.
Whatever it be wherein you differ, the decision thereof is with Allah:
such is Allah my Lord: In Him I trust, and to Him I turn.
Say, "O Allah, Creator of the heavens and the earth, Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, You will judge between your servants concerning that over which they used to differ."
The Quran's insistence on Allah's sovereignty is not to show that humans have no right to sovereignty, but to restrain human ambitions that aspire to absolute sovereignty and to show humanity its place.
Or have they partners with Allah (şurakâu), who have instituted for them a religion which Allah has not allowed. And had it not been for a decisive Word (gone forth already), the matter would have been judged between them. And verily, for the Zalimun (polytheists and wrong-doers), there is a painful torment.
154. What is the matter with you? How do you judge?
155. Will you not then take admonition?
156. Or have you clear evidence?
157. Then bring your Book if you are truthful!
36. What is the matter with you? How judge you?
37. Or have you a Book through which you learn.
38. that you shall have in it whatever you choose?
And so judge between them by what Allah has revealed and follow not their vain desires, but beware of them lest they turn you (O Muhammad SAW) far away from some of that which Allah has sent down to you. And if they turn away, then know that Allah's Will is to punish them for some sins of theirs. And truly, most of men are Fasiqun(rebellious, disobedient to Allah)
In the verse below, an example of a mistake made by the Jews is given, and it is explained that the judgment of Allah's book should take precedence over the judgment of the prophet.
43. And how should they make you a judge, while with them is the Torah, in which is Allah’s judgement? Yet in spite of that, they turn their backs [on Him] and they are not believers.
Have you not regarded those who were given a share of the Book, who are summoned(authoritatively or urgently call on someone to be present) to the Book of Allah in order that it may judge between them, whereat a part of them refuse to comply and they are disregardful?
Only God has the authority to rule and speak in the name of religion. God has compiled His commands in the form of revelation in the Quran and sent down to humanity "a book without doubt, without contradiction, clear, definitive, and detailed." The Quran, which contains God's commands, determines the content and framework of religion. To seek a source of commands other than this is delusion, and to accept it is polytheism.